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Human parvovirus B19 infection and pregnancy

Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Keele University School of Medicine, City General Hospital, North Staffordshire NHS Trust, UK.

Mark D Kilby, MD MRCOG, Professor of Fetal Medicine

Department of Fetal Medicine, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham Bl5 2TG. UK. email: m.d.kilby{at}bham.ac.uk (corresponding author)

It is estimated that human parvovirus B19 infection affects 1600-2200 pregnant mothers each year in England and Wales. Vertical (transplacental) transmission occurs in approximately one-third of these maternal infections. In contrast to the relatively mild clinical effects of human parvovirus B19 in the mother, fetal infection via haematogenous transplacental spread can be severe and sometimes fatal. The infection causes a wide range of clinical syndromes. These varying clinical presentations are described, with the aim of increasing the diagnostic awareness of readers of possible exposures to human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and providing an up-to-date management protocol.

Keywords Keywords / fetal anaemia / human parvovirus / hydrops fetalis / intrauterine transfusion / nonimmune hydrops