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Pulsed hormone replacement therapy

Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK.

Edward P Morris, MD MRCOG, Consultant obstetrician and Gynaecologist

Menopause Research Unit, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ UK. email: edward.morris{at}nnuh.nhs.uk (corresponding author)

Physiological decline and subsequent cessation of ovarian function leads to oestrogen deficiency during the perimenopause and postmenopausal years. The beneficial effects of hormone replacement are well known. Hormone replacement is intended to be used for a prolonged period of time to correct the long-term problems associated with oestrogen deficiency. Despite various routes of administration of oestrogen, nonadherence to treatment remains a problem. Pulsed oestrogen therapy administered nasally has been shown to improve climacteric symptoms and bone density and to affect metabolic markers of lipid and bone metabolism in the same way as conventional hormone replacement.

Keywords Keywords / hormone replacement / intranasal oestrogen / menopause / pharmacokinetics / pulsed hormone replacement