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Human papillomavirus vaccines

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. email: fianderan{at}lcf.ac.uk

Human papillomavirus-associated anogenital neoplasia poses a major health threat worldwide, with 500 000 new cases of cervical carcinoma alone annually. The majority of deaths occur in developing countries but even in the developed world anogenital neoplasia is frequently challenging to manage and thus new treatment modalities are urgently required. The association between neoplasia and a viral infection provides the opportunity for immunological intervention, either by preventing initial infection (prophylactic vaccination) or by clearance of infected (low-grade disease) and/or neoplastic cells (high-grade and invasive disease). This article summarises the targets and effectors for immunological intervention, potential vaccines and the clinical trials carried out to date and considers the future for HPV vaccines.

Keywords Keywords / anogenital neoplasia / human papillomavirus / lower genital tract neoplasia / vaccines / viral antigens